管理信息系统12【荐】.pptVIP

Chapter 12 The Management Information System 12.2.2 MIS Definition A computer-based system that makes information available to users with similar needs. Users are typically comprise a formal organizational entity Describes what has happened in the past 12.2.1 Early MIS Efforts Popular in business by the mid 1960s Punched card and keydriven machines were used only for data processing The first computers were applied the same way Only a few computer literate people in the firms Managers became aware of computer’s processes and power MIS is an Organizational Resource Information Past, present, future Periodic reports, special reports, simulations Similar needs Functional area Management level Managers and nonmanagers 12.2.3 An MIS Model Database AIS data and information Environmental data and information Interorganizational information systems (IOS) Firms band together with other organizations such as suppliers 12.3 Functional Information Systems MIS tailored to meet users’ needs for information concerning functional areas Manufacturing HRIS Others Executive information systems (EIS) Enterprise information system Pulls functional ISs together Enterprise resource planning (ERP) 12.4 Report Writing Software Periodic and special reports may look the same Difference is in what triggers the report Periodic report Produced on a schedule Special report Produced when something out of the ordinary occurs Incorporating Management by Exception Prepare the report only when exceptions occur Use the report sequence to highlight exceptions Group exceptions together Show the variance from the norm Modeling Models are abstractions Models may be: Physical Narrative Graphic Mathematical 12.5 Mathematical Modeling Most important to MIS users Three dimensions Influence of time Degree of uncertainty Ability to optimize Mathematical Model Types Static Does not include time Like a snapshot Dynamic Includes time Like a motion picture Mathematical Model Types (cont.) Probabilistic I