Ch 9 Lecture 2 Isomers of Coordination Compounds.ppt

Ch 9 Lecture 2 Isomers of Coordination Compounds Coordination Chemistry Isomers = same ligands arranged differently Stereoisomers = a subset of all isomer types Hierarchy of isomers II. Stereoisomers Four-Coordinate Complexes Tetrahedral Complexes Just like carbon compounds in organic chemistry If four different ligands are bound, the complex is chiral No cis- or trans- isomers possible Square Planar Complexes cis- or trans- isomers possible for MA2B2 Chelate rings dictate cis isomer No chiral isomers are present if the molecule has a mirror plane Ignore minor changes in ligand when looking for a plane Rotation of substituents is ignored Conformational changes are generally ignored Bending of bonds is ignored Special square planar chiral complexes have been synthesized Stereoisomers of 6-coordinate complexes Monodentate Ligands Only Ma3b3 complexes Fac-isomer has three of the same ligands on one face (facial) Mer-isomer has three of the same ligand on one meridian Present in ML2 complexes if L = tridentate chelate b) Mabcdef complexes where xy = a trans pair of ligands i. There are only two possible stereoisomers ii. The positions are numbered as below c) Mabcdef complexes i. 15 diastereomers possible Each diastereomer is chiral, so 30 total stereoisomers possible Method for finding all the isomers Hold one trans pair constant (ab) Hold one of the pair constant in the next row (c-) Continue changing second ligand until done (cd), then (ce), then (cf) Other possibilities are listed below this first row Example: Find all Ma2b2c2 stereoisomers Chelate Complexes Similar methods work as for only monodentate ligands There are usually less isomers because chelate ligands are restricted to cis binding of the metal ion Example: M(AA)(BB)cd has only 5 isomers possible Chirality and Chelate Rings Right-handed Propeller = If you blow on it, it will turn counter-clockwise Left-handed Propeller = If you blow on it, it will turn clockwise M(AA)3 complexes, such