高三英语语法总复习——名词.pptVIP

名词的分类 可数名词变复数的规则变化 一般在词尾加-s 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的加-es 以辅音字母加y结尾时，把y变成i，再加-es 以f或fe结尾时，把f,fe改为v,再加es 变复数的几点注意项 以-o 结尾的名词加es在课本中出现的有Negro, hero, potato, tomato；其余以-o结尾的词加-s: (photo, piano, radio, bamboo,zoo, …) 有些以-f或fe结尾的词直接加-s (chief,cliff, belief, safe, gulf,roof, …) 以元音字母+y结尾的或专有名词以y结尾的直接加-s toys, Germanys, Henrys 在大写字母及大写字母的缩写形式的复数中，加-s,如：three UFOs,但A、I的复数应在其后加’s，如： There are two A’s in this word. 小写字母及数字的复数形式应加’s, 如： two 6’s three a’s stomach----stomachs 不规则变化 变内部元音。如：foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese ,mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women,policeman-policemen 词尾加-en或ren。如：ox-oxen,child-children 单复数相同。如：sheep,deer,aircraft,fish, steelworks, means, Chinese, Swiss, Japanese,…. 汉语音译词无复数形式。（表示度量衡，币制等单位的名词）如:five yuan,six jin, two jiao 复合名词的复数 一般将主体名词变为复数。father-in-law → fathers-in-law, passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on, editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief 无主体名词的在词尾加复数。如：grown-ups, good-for-nothings（无用的人），go-betweens （中间人），look-outs（守望者） 由man,woman,构成的复合名词应将前后两个词都变成复数。men-doctors, women-drivers, women-singers boyfriends,girlfriends, boy students, girl students 常作复数的或复数形式表特别意义的名词： glasses, trousers, gloves, shoes, scissors, socks, handcuffs(手铐), jeans(牛仔裤), earnings(薪水), savings（储蓄),findings（调查结果), clothes, surroundings（环境), greetings（致敬), goods, ruins, twins, resources, woods, forces(军队), arms(军火)， plastics（塑料制品）, manners(礼貌), greens(青菜), times(时代), sands(沙滩), works(工厂,作品）contents(内容), thanks, congratulations, tears, ashes, ….. 在短语中用复数形式的名词。如：do exercises, take turns, take notes, make repairs,in high spirits, as follows, hurt one’s feelings, in rags, in dozens，make friends with…, shake hands with…, 在有些短语中，名词用单复数均可。如：make faces / a face, play jokes/a joke on sb.,have talkes/a talk with… 在有的短语中名词用单复数，意思有差别。如：have a word with sb.（同某人说句话），have words with sb.（同某人吵架） 不可数名词的量的表达---“a(数词)+单位词+of ” 表个数：piece(张，片，块，份) article(件) item(条）block(大块) set(台，套）sheet(张， 块) 如：some articles of furniture, four items of