天津大学 西方文化Final Review..docVIP

Glimpse into Western Culture Final Review Topics We Have Covered Greek Culture Roman Culture Bible Christianity Middle Ages Renaissance Reformation counter-reformation 17th Century Enlightenment Romanticism Realism I．Greek Culture 1. Homer His Epics First recorder of former oral, epic poems served to entertain the ancient Greeks Author of The Iliad and The Odyssey The two major epics of ancient Greece. 2. Drama Greeks performed plays at religious festivals. A powerful drama developed in the 5th century B.C. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) Prometheus Bound Sophocles (496-406 B.C.)--- has had a strong impact on European literature Oedipus the King Euripides (484-406)---more of a realist, Medea 3. Philosophy Science Socrates/Plato/Aristotle/ Pythagoras/ Archimedes/Euclid Philosophy Socrates Greek (Athenian) philosopher probably the most influential thinker and philosopher of his time, elentic method Plato an immensely influential classical Greek philosopher, idealism Aristotle a versatile Greek philosopher profoundly influenced Western thought Science Pythagoras considered the first true mathematician Pythagorean theorem/Proposition Archimedes principle of the lever “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.” Euclid Euclidean geometry梖ather of geometry 4. vAthenian Architecture The Parthenon in Athens --Temple of Athena the Virgin is an enduring symbol of Greek culture The Erechtheum, is notable for an elegant and unusual design II. Roman Culture 1. Roman Republic The Roman Republic lasted for more than 700 years until around the time of the assassination of Julius Caesar. During the time of Roman Republic, Roman citizens were allowed to vote. But women, children and slaves were not entitled to the voting rights. 2. Roman Empire Octavian Caesar was proclaimed Emperor by the Roman Senate in 27 BC. Leadership of Augustus marked the beginning of the Roman Empire Augustus set into motion a process of political and social stability, resulting in a period of