托福机经背景：不丹在发展与幸福中取得平衡.doc

托福机经背景：不丹在发展与幸福中取得平衡 小马过河为大家准备了“托福机经背景：不丹在发展与幸福中取得平衡”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 　　Most countries gauge progress in economic terms, but Bhutan famously marks its achievements by a measure known as Gross National Happiness (GHN). The idea, say officials, is to attempt to keep incomes rising without sacrificing the country’s overall well-being. 　　大多数国家都是通过经济状况的好坏来衡量社会的进步，可是不丹却以另一种方法衡量其成就，这种衡量标准叫作国民幸福总值。美国之音记者科尔本从不丹的百罗发来报导，介绍不丹官员是怎样在不牺牲国民总体幸福的条件下保持收入增加的。 　　It has been almost four decades since Bhutan’s fourth king, Jigme Singye Wangchuk, promoted self reliance and progress in a fast changing world by creating the GHN paradigm. 　　将近40年以前，不丹第4位国王吉格梅.辛格.旺楚克即位后推行自力更生的发展路线，在迅速变化的世界中创造了一个全民幸福总值的范例。 　　The King based its principles on good governance, inclusive development, conservation and preservation of Bhutan’s unique Himalayan culture. 　　这位国王以全民幸福总值为基础，建立了良好的治理和全面发展，并且保护和保存了不丹独特的喜马拉雅文化。 　　Equilibrium 　　GNH Commission Secretary Karma Tsheetim told a recent conference the old formula is still closely tied to the country’s development model. 　　全国幸福总值委员会书记格马在最近的一次会议上说，这个历时很久的衡量标准仍然与不丹的发展模式密切地联系着。 　　“It is an approach to development that we seek to balance the material with the non-material spiritual, cultural aspects and the needs of the individual in society, Tsheetim said. This is based on a simple belief that at the end of the day what people want from life is to live a meaningful life.” 　　格马说：“这是我们寻求的一种发展方式，也就是说，要在物质与非物质的精神方面取得平衡发展，这包括文化层面和社会中个人的需求。这是基于一种简单的信念，那就是，人生最终想要得到的是过着有意义的生活。” 　　Traditional measures of economic progress such as a country’s overall economic output known as the Gross Domestic Product, minimum wages for labor, and the relative cost of food and basic staples are considered baseline measures for comparing the overall well-being of different populations. 　　传统上衡量经济发展的标准包括：一个国家的总体经济产出，也就是说国内生产总值;劳工的最低工资、食品和其他基本商品的相对成本。这些都被认为是基本的衡量标准，可以用它们来比较不同阶层的总体幸福程度。 　　Well-being 　　But development economists have long contended that there are import