马尾松纯林虫生真菌群落组成及优势种生态位研究.doc

马尾松纯林虫生真菌群落组成及优势种生态位研究 陈名君 刘玉军 周娜 樊美珍 李增智 黄勃* 安徽农业大学微生物防治省重点实验室 合肥 230036 摘 要：对麻姑山马尾松纯林的虫生真菌群落进行了调查研究，共发现了3科6属14种。该林区虫生真菌群落的主要成分是环链棒束孢、球孢白僵菌和粉棒束孢，虫生菌种类较少，较为单一。对3种优势虫生真菌环链棒束孢、球孢白僵菌和粉棒束孢的营养、时间及营养-时间二维生态位进行了分析。结果表明，环链棒束孢与粉棒束孢的营养生态位重叠度最大，与球孢白僵菌时间生态重叠度最大。而球孢白僵菌的营养生态位宽度、时间生态位宽度和营养-时间二维生态位宽度都为最大。球孢白僵菌在自然界中发生时间长，分布范围广，寄主昆虫丰富，生存能力强的实际情况也支持这一分析结果。 关键词：多度，生态位宽度，生态位重叠度，球孢白僵菌 The component of entomogenous fungi community and the niche of dominant species in pure forest of Masson’s pine CHEN Ming-Jun LIU Yu-Jun ZHOU Na FAN Mei-Zhen LI Zeng-Zhi HUANG Bo* Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China Abstract: The structure of entomogenous fungus communities of the artificial forest ecosystem of pure Masson’s pines in Magushan was investigated, and 3 families, 6 genera and 14 species were found. The main species of the community were Isaria cateinannulata, I. farinosa and Beauveria bassiana. The nutritional-niche, temporal-niche and nutritional-temporal two-dimension niche of these 3 dominant species were analyzed. The result showed that the largest nutritional niche overlap occurred between I. cateinannulata and I. farinosa, and the largest time niche overlap occurred between I. cateinannulata and B. bassiana. B. bassiana had the highest values in nutritional-niche breadth, temporal-niche breadth and two-dimensional niche width. The facts that B. bassiana has long occurring period, wide distribution, wide insect host ranges and strong survival ability in the forest support the results. Key words: abundance, niche breadth, niche overlap, Beauveria bassiana  生态位的研究是近年来种群和群落生态学研究中非常活跃的领域，对于理论生态学的发展产生了巨大的推动作用。Elton 1927；Grinell 1917）。自从Grinell（1917）首次将“生态位Whittaker 1975；王伯荪 1987），在生态学研究的诸多领域被广泛应用，并对生态学的许多核心问题做了成功的解释。生态位研究在理解群落结构功能、群落内物种间的关系、生物多样性、群落动态演替和种群进化等方面具有重要作用（张金屯刘加珍向悟生苏志尧1 研究地区与研究方法 1.1 自然概况 麻姑山林场位于安徽省宣城市东约10公里处，林区以低山丘陵为主，广泛地分布着波状起伏的丘陵岗地，森林覆盖率达80%以上。林区属中亚热带北缘气候类型，年平均气温15.9℃，年降水量约1400mm，无霜期225d，日