Accelerator Generated Backgroundsfor e+e- B-Factories.ppt

Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Accelerator Backgrounds M. Sullivan Accelerator Generated Backgrounds for e+e- B-Factories M. Sullivan for the Super-B Factory Workshop Hawaii January 19-22, 2004 Types of Accelerator Backgrounds Synchrotron Radiation (SR) Lost beam particles (BGB) Touschek scattering Luminosity backgrounds Synchrotron Radiation Fan radiation Fan radiation or dipole radiation results from bending the entire beam. Bending magnets like the main bends in the ring have dipole fields but quadrupole magnets can also bend the entire beam if the beam orbit through the quad is not on axis Focusing radiation Focusing radiation or quadrupole radiation is synchrotron radiation generated when a beam passes through a quadrupole magnet on axis. Since the beam is on axis, most of the particles are barely bent and hence produce very little SR. The main part of the SR comes from beam particles that are several sigmas out in the x or y plane ( ~3-4). Quadrupole radiation Backgrounds from quadrupole radiation are dominated by the SR generated from the final 2 focusing magnets. The beam is usually largest in these magnets making it difficult to completely protect the detector beam pipe from SR. For flat beams, the Y plane (a) is much easier to shield than the x plane (b). As one can see, the beam must be over-focused in the horizontal plane which permits the SR to cross over the collision axis and strike the opposite side of the beam pipe. The quadrupole generated SR primarily comes from the off–axis beam particles. A single stored beam has a gaussian beam profile. However, in a colliding accelerator each beam develops a beam tail that tends to fill the available aperture at high luminosity. The tail particle density is very much lower than the core density; the integral of the tail being about 1-2% of the core. Assumed beam-tails for SR background calculations for PEP-II Beam Tails Lost beam particles Beam particles can get lost (mostly in