Chapter 19Vectors, templates, and exceptions.ppt

String A string is rather similar to a vectorchar E.g. size(), [ ], push_back() Built with the same language features and techniques A string is optimized for character string manipulation Concatenation (+) Can produce C-style string (c_str()) input terminated by whitespace * 6 H o w y d ! Stroustrup/Programming \0 Next lecture An introduction to the STL, the containers and algorithms part of the C++ standard library. Here we’ll meet sequences, iterators, and containers (such as vector, list, and map). The algorithms include find(), find_if(), sort(), copy(), copy_if(), and accumulate(). * Stroustrup/Programming Chapter 19Vectors, templates, and exceptions Bjarne Stroustrup /Programming Abstract This is the third of the lectures exploring the design of the standard library vector and the techniques and language features used to implement it. Here, we deal with changing the size of a vector, parameter-ization of a vector with an element type (templates), and range checking (exceptions). * Stroustrup/Programming Overview Vector revisited How are they implemented? Pointers and free store Destructors Copy constructor and copy assignment Arrays Array and pointer problems Changing size resize() and push_back() Templates Range checking and exceptions * Stroustrup/Programming Changing vector size Fundamental problem addressed We (humans) want abstractions that can change size (e.g., a vector where we can change the number of elements). However, in computer memory everything must have a fixed size, so how do we create the illusion of change? Given vector v(n); // v.size()==n we can change its size in three ways Resize it v.resize(10); // v now has 10 elements Add an element v.push_back(7); // add an element with the value 7 to the end of v // v.size() increases by 1 Assign to it v = v2; // v is now a copy of v2 // v.size() now equals v2.size() * Stroustrup/Programming Representing vector If you resize() or push_back() once, you’ll probably do it again; let