Grammar - Clause.ppt

Grammar - Clause Clause 子句 Clause 1. 獨立子句 (independent clause) = 主要主句 (main clause) 2. 從屬子句 (dependent clause) = 附屬子句 (subordinate clause) 3. 關係子句(relative clause) 由一個關係代名詞 (relative pronoun：that, which, who, whom, whose 等) 所引導的附屬子句 4. 限定子句 (restrictive clause) = essential 5. 非限定子句 (nonrestrictive clause) = nonessential 限定子句 (restrictive clause) Jim, whom Judy met at Kens party, called her last night. Your mother, who called yesterday, called again this morning. Sallys beef soup, which is in the big white bowl, is too salty. 限定(restrictive) 與非限定子句(non-restrictive) 1. Because non-restrictive adjective clauses give extra information, we set them apart from the main sentence by using commas. 2. Most relative pronouns (who, whom, which, whose) can be used in both restrictive and non-restrictive clauses, but “that” cannot. “that” - used only in restrictive clauses Adjective Clause  形容詞子句 Adjective Clause 形容詞子句 Adjective clauses (relative clauses) are like sentences inside sentences. The job of adjective clauses is to modify (describe, identify, make specific) the noun phrases that they follow. Adjective clauses have several parts: a relative pronoun, a subject, and a verb. Adjective clauses are sometimes described as dependent clauses because they make no sense by themselves: they need the words of the main sentences to which they are attached in order to show complete thoughts. In adjective clauses, the relative pronoun is a kind of connecting word. Without the adjective clause, the meaning of the modified noun phrase (and of the sentence) is unclear and incomplete. Examples: I know a person who / that can help you.I know a person who(m) / that you can help. I know a person whose advice I can trust. I know a person to whom I can refer you. I know a person who(m) / that I can refer you to. I want a car that / which gets good gas mileage.I cant afford the car that / which I really want