EGEE 102-Pisupati.ppt

EGEE 102-Pisupati EGEE 102 - Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection 3. Non Renewable Fuels and Environmental Impact Non-Renewable FuelsEnvironmental Impact US Energy Consumption by Source (1999) Non Renewable Fuels Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Nuclear Fission World Coal Consumption World coal consumption is projected to increase from 5.3 billion tons in 1997 to 7.6 billion tons in 2020. US annual coal consumption is approximately 1 billion tons Coal Reserves (M metric tons) Coal Analyses Proximate Analysis Ultimate Analysis Calorific Value Proximate Analysis Moisture Volatile Matter Ash Fixed Carbon (obtained by difference) Ultimate Analysis(elemental composition) Calorific Value (Heating Value) Heating or Calorific Value is the amount of heat released when a unit mass of fuel is burned (Btu/lb. or cal/g) Calorific value has implications for pollution measurements such as SO2 whose emissions are calculated on a lb per million Btu basis Coal Ranks There are 4 general ranks for coals: Lignite low rank Subbituminous Bituminous Anthracite High rank Coal’s Future Petroleum Naturally occurring liquid containing a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (molecules made of C and H atoms) Also contains few compounds containing N, S, and O atoms Petroleum Composition Crude Oil Reserves (B bbls) Production and Consumption (mn bbls/day)BP Amoco Statistical Review of World Energy 2000 () World Production – 73 United States Production – 9.2 Consumption – 18.9 One Barrel of Oil (42 US gallons) produces … Gasoline (19.5 Gallons) Distillate Fuel Oil (9.2) Kerosene (4.1) Residual Fuel Oil (2.3) Lubricating Oil, Asphalt, Wax (2) Petrochemicals for plastics and polymers (2) Total Yield: 44.4 gallons How long can we depend on Petroleum? World = 1016,000 million barrels/73 million bbls/day = 13,967 days= 38.1 years US = 21,800 million bbls/18.9 million bbls/day = 1,153 days or 3.16 years if we keep importing at the current rate = 21,800 million bbls/9.3 m