Review of Mass Transfer.ppt

Review of Mass Transfer Fick’s First Law (one dimensional diffusion) J flux (moles/area/time) At steady-state or any instant in time Fick’s Second Law When concentration changes with time Example – Fick’s First Law SS valid if a high C1 is maintained and C2 remains C1 by removal of drug or large volume Example Fick’s First Law Partitioning So far we have assumed the drug has equal affinity for solution and membrane. This is unlikely. Preference is indicated by partitioning Flux across membrane Cannot measure Cm Partition Coefficient relates Cm to C Partition Coefficient A measure of relative concentrations in membrane vs. solution at equilibrium If both solvents (1 and 2) are the same, then Flux becomes The term [DKm/h] is the Permeability Partition Coefficient Sketch the profiles for a high Km and a low Km Sketch the profile for C2=0 Common situation: body acts as a sink to remove the drug Example – Transdermal Delivery Digitoxin (used for heart failure; ointment) How much digitoxin can be delivered transdermally in one day Membrane control – skin acts as barrier membrane (stratum corneum, outermost layer) Km1 = 0.014 Between ointment and s.c. D = 5.2 x 10-10 cm2/s Through the s.c. h = 2x10-3 cm Typical thickness of s.c. A = 10cm2 Covered by ointment C1 = 0.01 mg/cm3 Saturation C of drug in ointment Solution Some K values Fick’s Second Law For one-dimensional unsteady-state diffusion How many IC’s and BC’s are needed? Finite source IC At t=0, C=C0 BC1 x=L, C=0 BC2 X=0, dC/dx = 0 (symmetric) Finite source, reflective boundary IC At t=0, C=C0 BC1 x=L, C=0 BC2 X=0, dC/dx = 0 (symmetric) Solution method For cartesian (planar) systems Separation of variables or Laplace Transforms Error function solution We will investigate this later! * * membrane C1 C2 h Determine amount of drug to pass through membrane in one hour D = 1 x 10-10 cm2/s h = 2 x 10-3 cm A = 10 cm2 C1 = 0.5 mol/L C2 = 0 membrane C1 C2 h Cm1 Cm2 C1Cm1 the drug “pref