Safe Drug dispensing using Six Sigma Methodology.ppt

Safe Drug dispensing using Six Sigma Methodology Dr Ho Chung Ping HKMACpho@hkma.org What is Six Sigma? Total Quality management system originally developed by Motorola Their target was to reduce defect levels below 3.4 defects per (one) million opportunities (DPMO). It is a registered trademark of Motorola and caused a saving of US$17 billion in 2006 Sigma The Greek letter s (sigma) refers to the standard deviation of a population. Sigma, or standard deviation, is used as a scaling factor to convert upper and lower specification limits to Z. Therefore, a process with three standard deviations between its mean and a spec limit would have a Z value of 3 and commonly would be referred to as a 3 sigma process. Striving for Six Sigma Sigma PPM (Process (Defects per Million Capability) Opportunities) 2 308,537 3 66,807 4 6,210 5 233 6 3.4 Objective The fundamental objective of the Six Sigma methodology is the implementation of a measurement-based strategy that focuses on process improvement and variation reduction through the application of Six Sigma improvement projects. Six Sigma DMAIC The Six Sigma DMAIC process (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) is an improvement system for existing processes falling below specification and looking for incremental improvement. DMAIC in the Clinic Define objective - reduce dispensing error to 3 sigma Measure – report and record dispensing error Analysis – elucidate possible source of error in the clinic Improve - charter Control – staff training Analysis: Possible source of error in dispensing Each clinic should do its own analysis, but all falls into two categories Errors in drug procurement Errors in preparation Errors in drug dispensing Analysis: Errors in Drug procurement Error in drug ordering over the phone Failure to check the medicine on arrival Put in wrong location Analysis: Problem in drug dispensing Failure to ge