日本论文：二战后中日教育策略和其比较(1945-2008).docVIP

日本论文：二战后中日教育策略及其比较（1945-2008） 【中文摘要】日本是一个非常重视教育的国家,自古就形成了很多优良的教育传统。日本也是东亚最早完成现代化的国家,教育发挥了重要的作用。在第二次世界大战结束后,日本将教育视为改变社会,恢复国力的重要手段。日本政府和人民对教育给予了高度的重视,始终把教育放在国家发展的优先地位,以教育促进经济和社会的发展,并且卓有成效,造就了“日本奇迹”,得到世界的广泛关注。日本教育在现代化方面有着丰富的经验和成果,当然也存在着一些问题和教训,值得作为发展中国家的中国进行学习和借鉴。中国的教育事业有着悠久的历史。在新中国建立后,政府也在大力发展教育,并且引进前苏联的教育经验,曾经取得过良好的成绩。但是由于过分模仿前苏联的教育模式,“文化大革命”期间教育受到的灾难性影响,以及政治因素对中国教育的负面效应,中国教育在当代社会中出现了诸多问题。进入改革开放时代后,中国教育又面临着与国际教育接轨的新问题。这些问题光靠政府的努力是难以解决的,需要整个社会的关注。本文对中日两国在第二次世界大战后的教育策略进行分段比较:第一阶段,1945年—1955年;第二阶段,1956年—1977年;第三阶段,1978年—1999年;第四阶段,2000年—2008年。本文从历史学角度出发来研究教育问题,而非立足于教育学。由于研究的时间范围较大,本文着重研究宏观的教育策略,而非教育政策。最后,本文通过分阶段比较从宏观上总结中日两国教育策略的动向和特点,分析当前中国教育面临的问题,并且提出自己的观点和解决方案。 【英文摘要】Japan is a nation which values education very much. It has formed many excellent educational traditions long time ago. And Japan is also the earliest country which had completed modernization, and education played an important role in Japanses modernization. After the second world war, Japan treats education as means which changes the society and recovers power. The Japanese government and people pay much attention to education, putting education in the priority of development of country, used education to promote economic and social development fruitfully, appeared “Japanese miracle”,and got the world`s attention. Japan not only has rich experience and results in modern education, but also some problems and lessons. which China worths learning from.Chinese education has a long history. After the founding of the new government, it also pays much attention to development of education, introducing the education experience from Soviet Union, and once won good results. But, because of imitating the education former of Soviet Union excessively, the education got catastrophic impact during “Cultural revolution”, and the political factors makes negative impact to Chinese education, Chinese education has many problems in society. When China entered the “Reform Time”, Chinese education have faced an new problem th