原始稻作生态环境及其思维--以贵州传统稻作村寨为参考.pdfVIP

原始稻作的生态环境及其思维 ——以贵州传统稻作村寨为参考 李国栋 （贵州大学外国语学院，贵州省贵阳市，550025 ） 摘要：本文以贵州山地少数民族传统稻作村寨为参考，探究了原始稻作的生态环境。作为学术假说，许多学者认 为稻作起源于长江中下游的“背坡湿地”（Back swamp ）。分析“背坡湿地”随季节而变化的水位及其丰富多样的 生态环境，再结合“饭稻羹鱼”、“果隋蠃蛤”等历史记述，我们可以知晓一个非常重要的事实：原始稻作不是现 代意义上的农业，而是农林水产兼顾的“稻鱼业”。因此，它所带来的思维方式也是综合的，生态的。 关键词：饭稻羹鱼；背坡湿地；火耕而水耨；果隋蠃蛤 The Ecological Environment and the Thinking of Primitive Rice Cultivation: In Light of the Traditional Rice Villages in Guizhou Province LI Guodong (College of International Studies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China) Abstract: This paper examines the environment of primitive rice cultivation in light of some cultural minority villages in Guizhou Province. As a hypothesis, a lot of researchers think that rice cultivation originated in the back swamps of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Analyzing the ecological environment of the primitive rice cultivation, and referring to historical descriptions such as “饭稻羹鱼” (eating rice as a staple food and cooking fish as a side dish) and “果隋蠃蛤” (nuts ・ livestock ・worms ・clams), we can understand a very important fact that the primitive rice cultivation was not pure agriculture like now; it was a kind of rice-fish agriculture. At the same time, people also collected the nuts of trees in forests and collected the fruits and roots of water plants in swamps. So, their thinking was also very synthetic and ecological. Keywords: “Eating rice as the staple food and cooking fish as the side dish”, back swamps, cultivation involving slash-and-burn, and weeding wild plants off by using