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2018-04-03 发布于湖北
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Application of Molecular Marker Assisted Selection in Gene Pyramiding and Selection of New Cultivars.pdf

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Application of Molecular Marker Assisted Selection in Gene Pyramiding and Selection of New Cultivars.pdf

March20l1 JournalofNortheastAgriculturalUniversity EnglishEdition V01．18No．179—84 ApplicationofMolecularMarkerAssistedSelectioninGenePyramiding andSelectionofNew Cultivars WU Lan．andW ANG Chao CollegeofHorticulutre，NortheastAgnculturalUniversity，Harbin 150000，China Abstract：Thefeasibilityofmoleculemarkers’application ingenepyramidinghasbeenproved，andobviousprogressesincrop breedinghavebeenmadetil1now．Furthermore．differentQTLsormolecularmarkerslinkedtightlytoyield，qualiytorresistance maybeusedformarkerassistedselection．MASwillbeappliedwidelyincropbreedingduetothedevelopmentofmoregene—based markersandefficientquantitativetraitlocus QTL aswellaslowercostmarkingsystems． Keywords：molecularmarker，genepyramiding，breeding CLCnumber：Q321．6 Documentcode：A ArticleID：1006—8104 2011 一01—0079—06 seedshapeorgrowth habits．Isozymemarkersare lntroduction detectedbyusingelectrophOresisandspecificstain— ing．Majordisadvantagesofmoprhologicalandbio— Genomicshasprovidedthepossibilityfordiscovering chemicalmarkersarethattheirpolymoprhism maybe andmarkingnovelgenes．Thesemethodscanenhance limitedandareinfluencedbyenvironmentalfactors theeffi ciency ofbreedingthroughmarker—assisted orplantdevelopmentalstages．DNA markersaremost selection MAS ．Bythisway，theselectionoftarget widelyused，duetotheirabundantpolymorphism． traitscanbeconductedindirectlybyusingmolecular DNA markersresultfrom differentclassesOfDNA markersthataretightly linkedtotargetgenesor mutationsuchassubstitutionmutations pointmuta— actualgenesequences．Molecularmarkerswereat tions ，re—arrangementsormutationsinreplicationof firstappliedinplantbreedingintheearly 1980s，at randomlyrepeatedDNA．BecauseDNA markersare thattime，isozymemarkershadbeenusedtospeed usuallylocatedinnon—codingregionsofDNA ，they uptheintrogressionofmonogenictraitsfrom exotic areselectively neutralsothatexpressisonoftarget germplasm intoacultivar【” ． traitswillnotbeaffected． Therearethreemajortypesofgeneticmarkers： Conventionalbreedingsystemsusuallyattemptto morp