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5/31/12 InfoQ: CAP Twelve Years Later: How the Rules Have Changed
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Posted by Eric Brewer on May 30, 2012
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This article first appeared in Computer magazine and is brought to you by InfoQ IEEE
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The CAP theorem asserts that any networked shared-data system can
have only two of three desirable properties. However, by explicitly
handling partitions, designers can optimize consistency and availability, thereby achieving some trade-
off of all three.
In the decade since its introduction, designers and researchers have used (and sometimes abused) the
CAP theorem as a reason to explore a wide variety of novel distributed systems. The NoSQL movement
also has applied it as an argument against traditional databases.
The CAP theorem states that any networked shared-data system can have at most two of three desirable
properties:
consistency (C) equivalent to having a single up-to-date copy of the data;
high availability (A) of that data (for updates); and
tolerance to network partitions (P).
This expression of CAP served its purpose, which was to open the minds of designers to a wider range
of systems and tradeoffs; indeed, in the pa
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