用功利主义分析道德困境.docVIP

Ethical Dilemma (Utilitarianism) I. Case study： An American manager pays a visit to a factory in a very poor country, the local manager shows him around. The American manager finds a young girl is working in the factory and asks her name and age, and then he tells the local manager to fire her since hiring underage worker is a violation to the company’s rules. Without the job, the little girl has to become a prostitute to support her and her little brother. One year later, the little girl dies of AIDS, and her little brother has to beg in the street. One year later, the little boy also dies of hunger. Now there is an ethic dilemma, we should judge whether the American Manager does in this case is right or wrong? If he knows the consequence the action brings, will he fire the little girl? II. Presentation: Today, in my presentation, there are totally 3 parts. First, it is the theory of Utilitarianism. Second, I’ll analyze the case according to the theory; and in the end, a conclusion will be made on the basis of Utilitarianism. 今天，在我的课堂呈现中，总共有三部分。 第一，是功利主义的理论。第二，我会就这个理论分析案例。最后，在功利主义的基础上我会做一个总结。 Now let’s move to the first part. Utilitarianism is a theory that was proposed by John Stuart Mill, a philosopher from Britain. His theory is mainly focused on the consequences of an action, rather than its process. There is a principle that defines the theory, which is called Greatest Happiness Principle. The principle means when we judge if an action is right or wrong, we should evaluate the happiness it brings. 现在让我们进入第一部分。功利主义的理论是由John Stuart Mill提出的，他是一个英国的哲学家。他的理论主要集中于一个动作的结果而非过程。有一个原则能够定义该理论，就是最大快乐原则。这个原则意思是当我们判断一个动作是好的还是坏的，我们应该评估这个动作所带来的快乐。 Next, I will say something about the case. According to the theory, I hereby divide the consequences of the case into 2 parts, one is the pleasure and the other is the pain. First, in terms of pleasures, for companies who employ child labor, they will gain a greater profit since they pay a little money to child labor. For them, mor