透射雾影.ppt

回收聚碳酸酯的透过率 包装薄膜的透视质量材料和薄膜厚度的影响 Rough surfaces and internal scattering the incident light will be either diffusely transmitted or reflected changing the appearance quality of the product. This can be a result of internal scattering or scattering at the surface The amount of scattered light will increase with the number of scatterers in the material or the type of surface roughness. The distribution of the scattered light is related to the size of the scattering object. If the scatterers are very small, the incident light will be diffused in all directions. With increasing size more and more light will be scattered forward within a narrow cone. The scattering behavior of a specimen will determine its appearance. Depending on the angular distribution of the scattered light, objects viewed through a transparent plastic will appear differently. Visual perception can clearly differentiate two phenomena: Wide angle and narrow angle scattering. Wide angle scattering -- Haze Light is diffused in all directions causing a loss of contrast. ASTM D 1003 defines haze as that percentage of light which in passing through deviates from the incident beam greater than 2.5 degrees on the average. Narrow angle scattering -- Clarity (See through quality) Light is diffused in a small angle range with high concentration. This effect describes how well very fine details can be seen through the specimen. The see-through quality needs to be determined in an angle range smaller than 2.5 degrees. Clarity is depending on the distance between sample and observed object. The above figure shows the measurement principle of the haze-gard plus A light beam strikes the specimen and enters an integrating sphere. The spheres interior is coated uniformly with a matte white material to allow diffusion. A detector in the sphere measures total transmittance and transmission haze. For measurement of total transmission, the white cover on the light trap is closed, the complete amount of light is