当代全球商务课件.docVIP

1 什么是全球化？ Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. Globalization has several facets, including the globalization of markets and the globalization of production. 2 globalization of markets市场全球化是指历史上很清晰，分散的各国市场与巨大的全球化市场融合的过程。 3 globalization of production生产全球化指的是企业在全球范围的不同地方，利用各国在生产要素的成本和质量（如劳动力，能源，土地和资本）方面的差异，寻找货物，服务源头的一种趋势。 4THE GLOBALIZATION DEBATE Globalization, Jobs, and Incomes Globalization, Labor Policies, and the Environment Globalization and National Sovereignty Globalization and the World’s Poor 5 multinational enterprise跨国公司指跨国公司就是指具有全球性经营动机和一体化的经营战略，在多个国家拥有从事生产经营活动的分支机构，并将它们置于统一的全球性经营计划之下的大型企业。The first is the degree to which they emphasize collectivism as opposed to individualism. The second is the degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian. 7democracy民主指一种政治体制，政府是由人民直接或通过选出的代表来决定的。 8 集权主义是指一种政权形式，由一个人或一个政党对人民各个方面实施控制，且禁止其他对立党的存在。 collectivism集体主义 refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals. individualism 个人主义refers to a philosophy that an individual should have freedom in his or her economic and political pursuits. 10 representative democracy代议民主制 在代议民主制社会中，公民定期选出个人来代表他们，这些人再选出代表，形成代表全体选民意志的政府。 11 legal systems法律体系包括 common law civil law theocratic law 12 foreign corrupt practices act国外腐败实施法案是继揭露美国公司贿赂外国政府官员企图获得有利可图的合同条款之后通过的。该法案认定这种贿赂外国政府官员以期从有权力的外国官员手中获取生意的行为违反了美国的法律，并要求所有公开的贸易公司（无论是否涉及国际贸易）都要保留详细的记录以备检查，用来判断是否有违反法案的行为出现。 13intellectual property知识财产指计算机软件，屏幕游戏，音乐曲谱或新药的化学方程式等智力活动产品的权力，通过专利，版权，商标形式拥有知识财产的所有权是可能的。 专利证书patents -- documents giving the inventor of a new product or process exclusive rights to the manufacture, use, or sale of that invention 14 版权copyrights are the exclusive legal rights of authors composers playwrights artists ,and publishers to publish and disperse their work as they see fit. 15商标trademarks are designs and names ,often officially registered, by which merchants or manufacturers designate and differen