1 The Parts of Speech(词类).docVIP

1 The Parts of Speech（词类） Introduction Mary is talking to her new neighbour. 玛莉和她的邻居在对话中都使用了‘cries’这字词，邻居的‘cries’是名词，玛莉的‘cries’A．英文词类传统上可分为八大类：名词nouns，代词pronouns，动词verbs，形容词adjectives，副词adverbs，介词prepositions，连词conjunctions，和感叹词interjections。有学者另外再加一项词类：限定词determiners。 1．名词nouns 表达人物、物件或地方的词类，例如：‘apple, boy, tree, Mary, Hong Kong’等。 E.g. Mary has bought some food at supermarket. A boy is sitting under a tree. 2．代词pronouns 代替名词的词类，例如：‘I, he, she, one, who, which’等。 E.g. He went to school last Saturday. She has bought a dress. It’s a beautiful one. The man who called yesterday wants to buy the house. 3．动词verbs 表达动作、状况或感觉的词类，例如：‘eat, run, feel, is, have’等。 E.g. I swim every day. David has bought a sport car. She feels very tired. It is hot today. 4．形容词adjectives 修饰名词noun的词类，例如：‘hot, cold, beautiful, heavy, fat’等。 E.g. I feel very thirsty. I need some cold water. This is a beautiful dress. It is hot today. I am sweating. 5．副词adverbs 修饰动词verb和形容词adjective的词类，例如：‘quickly, slowly, beautifully, carefully’等。 E.g. The old man walks slowly. He speaks to her gently. She studies quietly at library. They left the burning building quickly. 6．介词prepositions 表达名词noun或代名词pronoun的位置、时间、方向等的词类，例如：‘in, on, at, with, of, into, between, behind’等。 E.g. I swim in a pool. Please put the book on my desk. She studies quietly at library. The frog jumped into the pond. 7．连词conjunctions 连接字、片语或句子的词类，例如：‘and, or, but, when, if, because, unless’等。 E.g. He failed the test because he didn’t study. I like apple and orange. She is pretty but mean. 8．感叹词interjections 表达句子感情的词类，例如：‘Oh, Hurrah, Alas, Ouch’等。 E.g. “Hurrah!” they shouted as the team scored again. Alas! Her only son was killed in the war. Ouch! That hurt me. oh, my dear! 9．限定词determiners 用于名词前面，用来限定名词，例如：‘a, an, the, each, every, all, both’等。 E.g. The cat h