七x年级英语语法归纳.doc

七年级英语语法归纳（一）be动词。???? 1、be动词概说。(包括am, are, is)???? be?? 连系动词，本身有词义“是”，在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。e.g. I am tall.(表语)???? 助动词，无词义。e.g. He is playing football.???? 2、be动词的用法。???? am → 主语是单数第一人称（即I）。e.g. I am…???? be???? are →?? 单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are…???? The coats are…???? is →?? 单数第三人称及不可数名词。 e.g. Your father is…????? The money is…???? 3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。e.g. He is not a teacher.???? 4、缩写形式。主语+be，缩写be第一个字母为 ’，再与主语合并。 e.g.?? you are → you’re??? Jack is → Jack’sbe+not否定形式的缩写，缩写not中“o”为 ’, 再与be合并。 e.g.?? is not→isn’t?? are not→aren’t不能缩写的情况：this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。 e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误)5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。???? 一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其它照抄不变，最后+？，读升调。（一般第一人称改为第二人称）e.g.?? The man in the car is her father. → Is the man in the car her father?????? I’m a middle school student. → Are you a middle school student????? 一般疑问句的肯否定回答。肯定回答： Yes, 主语+be.???????? 否定回答： No, 主语+be+not.e.g.????? Is he old????????????????? Are you a new student????????????? Is your father at home?????? Yes, he is.???????????????? Yes, I am.???????????????????????? Yes, he is.????? No, he is not.(isn’t)???????? No, I’m not.???????????????????????? No, he is not.(isn’t)注意：主语必须用代词回答；肯定回答不能缩写；回答第二人称，用第一人称回答。???? 特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）。1) 方法：将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词，然后置于句首，接着再将be动词或情态动词提前???? (置于疑问词之后)，其它部分照抄不变，最后+？(即疑问词+一般疑问句？)???????? e.g.????? The man in a red cap is her brother. → Who is the man in a red cap?I can sing English songs. → What can you do? ???? 2) 注意：被提问部分不能再写。???? 提问动词(即提问做某事)，在改句子时注意还“do”，表示做什么？???? 3) 相应的疑问词。???? 1. 事物 → what???????????????????????? e.g.????????? That is a cat. → What is that????????? 2. 地点 → where???????????????????????????????? He is at home? → Where is he??????????? 3. 人 → who???????????????????????????????????? The man is his father. → Who is the man????? 4. 谁的 → whose???????????????????????????????? The coat is his. → Whose is the coat????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? （