it做形式主语引导的主语从句和作强调句型的区别.pdfVIP

it 做形式主语引导的主语从句和作强调句型的区别 强调句型时，通常指的是：It be…that…这一 结构（简称It-type 强调句）。 例如： It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. 决不只是盲人 才犯这样愚蠢的错误。 It was the goats eyes that he had seen in the darkness. 他在黑暗中看到的就 是这只山羊的眼睛。 It-type 强调句的特征是：如果我们把It be…that…从句中划去，所剩 的正好 是一个完整的句子。 例如 上面第一句经过处理后就成了： Not onlt blind men make such stupid mistakes. 它的意思仍然是完整的，只是强调意味已经失去。实际上It be…that… 只不过是一个框架而已，它的各 部份在句子中均不担任成份。 It-type 强调句通常可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。 1 . 注意强调句型的结构 “ It is /was + 被强调部分 + who/ that + 其它部分”，此 结构常译为“是……；……正是” 。其特点是：去掉强调结构“ It is / was … who / that… ”或经过语序调整后，原句仍成立。如： It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 如果把 It was… that 去掉后，句意仍完整，不缺任何成分，即原句仍成立。 2 . 注意谓语动词的人称和数与所强调的主语的一致性 在强调句型中，当强调 主语时，其后的谓语动词应和被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。 如： It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are. 强调的主语 the ability to do the job 是单数，因此谓语动词 matter 也应用相 应的单数形式 matters 。 3 . 注意 who 和 that 的选用 在强调句型中，若被强调部分是主语，且指人时， 可用 who 代替 that ；若被强调部分是宾语，且指人时，可用 whom 代替 that ； 但若被强调部分是状语时，则只能用 that ，即使指时间、地点、原因等，也不 能用 when ， where 或 because 等替代。 如： It was my sister whom I met in the street yesterday. It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. 4 . 注意该句型一般不强调谓语动词 强调句型通常强调主语、宾语和状语，一 般不强调谓语。需强调谓语时，要在谓语动词原形前面加上助动词 do ， does 或 did ，尤其是在祈使句或肯定句中，用来加强语气。 如： Do tell me where on earth you are now! Boys and girls , let me tell you something that does sound strange. To my surprise, he did come here on time last night. 5 . 注意区分含有 Not until 的倒装结构和强调结构 Not until 用于句首时，主 语和谓语通常用倒装语序。如果是复合句，那么主句用倒装语序。但在“ It is / was not until …. that ”句型中， that 后的主谓不倒装。 如： It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous