产品责任论文产品责任制度初探.docVIP

产品责任论文：产品责任制度初探 【中文摘要】产品责任制度是侵权责任制度中一项特殊的侵权责任制度。在经济飞速发展的当今社会,产品的创新性和科技性在丰富人们生活的同时,因缺陷给人们带来的损害也越来越多样化和复杂化。产品责任由此在司法实践中变得越来越重要。我国虽然也有一些相关的法律规定,但总体上看我国的产品责任制度并不健全,跟欧美发达国家相比相差甚远,故笔者通过本文对于目前学术界争论较大的几个问题作了一些探讨。第一,对于产品责任的概念、性质和主体作一般性分析。明确产品责任属特殊侵权责任性质,并将其同产品质量责任进行比较分析,避免了两者定义上的混淆和误解;对于产品责任法律关系的权利主体和义务主体,在借鉴国外法律的基础上,明确并扩大了我国产品责任的主体资格范围。第二,对于产品责任的构成要件进行探析。构成要件主要有产品存在缺陷、损害事实、产品缺陷和损害事实之间存在因果关系这三项组成。笔者从产品缺陷与瑕疵、质量不合格的定义区别和关系,损害事实中是否包含精神损害和财产自损之内容以及因果关系适用何种学说理论等颇具争议的几个方面进行了阐述。第三,对于产品责任的归责原则作了深入的剖析。笔者通过对欧美各国相关制度的比较分析,对我国现有法律的归纳总结,确定我国适用严格责任原则,并对我国产品责任归责原则的现状提出了进一步完善的若干建议。最后,笔者对产品责任制度发展进行展望,以期进一步保护消费者和产品使用者的利益,真正体现生产和消费的衡平,实现效益和公平的兼顾。 【英文摘要】Product liability system is a special tort liability in the tort liability system. In a period that economy develops so fast, product innovations and technology enrich life while defects damage that inflicted to people have increasingly diversified and complexed. Product liability is becoming increasingly important in judicial practice. Although there are some relevant legal provisions, product liability system in China is not sound on the whole, compared to Europe and the developed countries. This article intends to research on several problems with considerable academic debate.First, to make a general analysis on the concept, the nature and the subject of product liability. Make clear that the product liability belongs to a special kind of tort liability, and make comparative analysis with the product quality responsibility to avoid confusion and misunderstanding on both definition. On the basis of the foreign law, to make clear and expanded the subject of qualification product liability抯 right and obligation.Second, the analysis of the essential elements of product liability. Constituent elements of the main product is defective, damage facts, and the cause-and-effect relationship between the two. This article analyzes from the angles of defects and flaws, disqualification damages ,and the differences and relations between both of them, whet