text_多媒体信息和系统.pptVIP

Technical English For Communication Engineering Multimedia Information and Systems The various types of information that multimedia systems handle have different characteristics. If we understand them, we shall also understand why storing, processing, or transporting them raises different issues. When a succession of correlated views is displayed, an effect of movement may be given to human viewers. One individual view in such a succession is called a frame. The impression of smooth movement starts at 15 or 16 displayed frames per second (fps). Captured motion video refers to a video sequence produced from a video camera, whereas（然而） in synthesized motion imaging, each frame is generated by a computer, or by an author with the assistance of a computer, and stored as a bitmap. Computer animation is different. Here, similarly to graphics, the moving sequence is described by a set of objects, but with time-dependent directives（指令）. The resulting “program” must be executed at displaying time, unless the result has been recorded as a succession of bitmap frames prior to its presentation. Speech is a sound, but not all sounds are like speech. The range of frequencies we can generate is narrower than that we can detect. And during a conversation, hopefully, not all participants speak at once. These properties have been exploited by coding, compression, and transmission systems. Speech may be up to 10 times less demanding than, say, music, in terms of digital storage volume. Also, speech has a semantic content. The syntactic components of speech can be recognized by computers. Speech recognition – where words are identified—has made real progress though still needs to be used in well-defined environments. Speech understand—that is, the interpretation of a succession of words —poses more difficulties but laboratory implementations work. The reverse, speech synthesis —that is, the creation by a computer of a physically audible sound from a descri