离心的基础知识.pdfVIP

中国试剂网 2.4.111 离心的基础知识 Centrifugation is a process used to separate or concentrate materials suspended in a liquid medium. The theoretical basis of this technique is the effect of gravity on particles (including macromolecules) in suspension. Two particles of different masses will settle in a tube at different rates in response to gravity. Centrifugal force (measured as xg, gravity) is used to increase this settling rate in an instrument called a centrifuge. Two common examples of the use of centrifugal force are: (1) When you do the around the world trick with a yo-yo, it is centrifugal force that makes the yo-yo body stay at the end of the string as you rotate it; and (2) When you wash clothes in a washing machine, it is centrifugal force generated in the spin cycle that forces water out of the fabric to facilitate faster drying. Centrifuges are devices used in a variety of scientific and technical applications which spin carrier vessels (centrifuge tubes) at high rotation speeds and very high centrifugal force. The centrifugal force (expressed as # gravities or, # xg) generated is proportional to the rotation rate of the rotor (in rpm) and the distance between the rotor center and the centrifuge tube. Therefore, a given centrifuge may use multiple rotor sizes to give flexibilty in choosing centrifugation conditions. Each centrifuge has a special graph, a nomograph, or a table which relates rotation rate (rpm) to centrifugal force (xg) for each size of rotor it accepts. Typically, the material to be spun is placed in a centrifuge tube which is then placed in a rotor. The rotor is a generally a dense metal whic