_河北省马铃薯早疫病菌群体遗传结构的研究.doc

河北省马铃薯早疫病菌群体遗传结构的研究 摘 要：通过对2009－2010年河北省145株及外省30株马铃薯早疫病菌对代森锰锌的敏感性、产孢量两个表型性状和AFLP基因型的测定，揭示了河北省早疫病菌群体的遗传结构。毒力测定表明所有供试菌株对代森锰锌均表现敏感，其EC50范围介于1.04－4.86μg/mL之间，平均为2.93μg/mL。被测河北省47株早疫病菌产孢量平均为85个孢子/mm2，大大高于30个对照菌株的产孢量，对照菌株的平均产孢量为50个孢子/mm2，菌株间产孢量存在明显差异。AFLP聚类分析揭示出了马铃薯早疫病菌丰富的遗传多样性，每个菌株都具有独特的AFLP基因型。早疫病菌AFLP基因型与地理来源存在着密切的相关性，与菌株产孢量有一定的相关性，但与代森锰锌敏感性无相关性。Population structure of Alternaria solani on potato in Hebei Province Abstract: The population genetic structure of 145 isolates of Alternaria solani collected from potato in Hebei Province and 30 ones in other four provinces in China from 2009 to 2010 was revealed by phenotypes such as virulence of Mancozeb and sporulation capacity in combination with AFLP genotype. The test of virulences showed that all tested isolates of A. solani were sensitive to Mancozeb, with EC50 values of 1.04－4.86μg/mL, averaging 2.93μg/mL. Average sporulation quantity of the tested 47 isolates in Hebei Province and 30 ones in other four provinces used as control were 85 and 50 conidia/mm2 repectively, showing significant difference. AFLP genotypes revealed a high diversity of A. solani collected from potato and each isolate had a specific AFLP genotype. AFLP genotype of isolates was closely related to the geographic origin, and related to a certain extent to sporulation quantity, but not correlated with sensitivity of mancozeb to pathogen. Key words: Alternaria solani, Mancozeb, sporulation quantity, AFLP 近年来，马铃薯早疫病已逐渐成为河北省马铃薯主产区的一种为害严重的重要病害，给当地马铃薯生产造成了巨大损失。已引起现代马铃薯产业技术体系专家组、马铃薯病害专家、马铃薯生产单位以及管理部门的高度重视，已将其列为十二五期间马铃薯病害上急需解决的重点生产难题。该病由茄链格孢Alternaria solani侵染引起（Ellis Martin 1882）。该菌在我国分布亦十分广泛，几乎遍布各个省、市、自治区，可以引起多种植物病害（张天宇 2003）。以前由于茄链格孢引起的病害一般为害程度较轻，以至于对病原菌有关群体生物学特性方面的研究相对较少，为了更好和更有效地防控河北省日趋严重的马铃薯早疫病，对病原菌群体遗传学研究显得十分重要。 病原菌群体结构与病害的发生密切相关，了解马铃薯早疫病菌产孢量、对药剂的敏感性及其基因型，可为深入分析马铃薯早疫病发生与流行规律提供依据（Rotem 1994）。国外学者已将同工酶、RAPD、RFLP和AFLP等分子标记技术应用于马铃薯早疫病菌及相关种类的遗传多样性研究。Petrunak Christ（1992）研究结果表明，同工酶技术不适于分析早疫病菌种内的遗传差异。Weir et al.（1998）的研究表明，RAPD标记可鉴别出不同寄主的早疫菌，但不能区分不