通信系统第四章.pptVIP

Communication Systems Contents BER bit error rate Intersymbol Interference ISI Three Analysis Steps 4.2 matched filter—p.249 Example 4.1 Matched filter for rectangular pulse Figure 4.3　Integrate-and-dump circuit  4.3 Error Rate Due to Noise—P.253 How to determine the average probability of error? Discussion: Special Case 4.4 Intersymbol Interference (ISI)—P.259 Baseband binary data transmission system How to minimize the effects of noise and ISI ? 4.5 　Nyquist’s Criterion for Distortionless Baseband Binary Transmission—P.261 Condition for Zero ISI in time domain Raised Cosine Spectrum—p.264 Characteristics of Raised Cosine Spectrum Example 4.2 4.7 Baseband M-ary PAM Transmission Gray Encoding 4.11 Eye Pattern Characteristics of Eye Pattern Summary Matched filter ISI Nyquist bandwidth Eye pattern In time domain, the condition for zero ISI can be described as It can be changed into: Condition for Zero ISI in frequency domain 无噪声时的无失真基带传输的奈奎斯特准则：如果频率函数P（f）满足(4.53)，那么就能消除以时间间隔Tb进行抽样的ISI。 注意：P(f)对应整个系统，包括发射滤波器，信道及接收滤波器。 The simplest way to satisfy the condition of no ISI is to specify the frequency function P(f) to be rectangular. 4.5.1 Ideal Nyquist Channel—P.263 ０ Ideal LPF : Rb: Nyquist rate W: Nyquist bandwidth IFT Figure 4.8(a) Ideal magnitude response. (b) Ideal basic pulse shape. Fig 4.9 A series of sinc pulses corresponding to the sequence 1011010 No ISI Advantages of Ideal Nyquist Channel Limitations of Ideal Nyquist Channel It is physically unrealizable because of the abrupt transitions at the band edges. The function p(t) decreases as 1/|t| for large |t|, resulting in a slow rate of decay（衰减慢）. There is no margin of error（没有错误容限） in sampling instants. Minimum bandwidth Rolloff Factor transmission bandwidth ： When ?=0, it corresponds to ideal Nyquist channel，BT= w ; when ?=1, it needs maximum bandwidth BT= 2w . In this case, it is called full-cosine rolloff characteristic. IFT No ISI. It can be realized. Transmission Bandwidth: It