第五章变形耐久性.pptVIP

第四节 混凝土的耐久性 　　　　　Durability 混凝土抵抗环境介质作用并长期保持其良好的使用性能和外观完整性，从而维持混凝土结构的安全、正常使用的能力。 Besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be durable. The durability of concrete can be defined as its resistance to deterioration (劣化)resulting from external and internal causes. 1　抗渗性(Permeability—渗透性) Permeability refers to the ease with which water can pass through the concrete. Low permeability is an important requirement for hydraulic structures and in some cases watertightness of concrete may be considered to be more significant than strength although, other conditions being equal, concrete of low permeability will also be strong and durable. 2　抗冻性(Freeze Resistance / Weathering ) Damage to concrete from freezing and thawing arises from the expansion of porewater during freezing; The resistance of concrete to freezing and thawing can be improved by increasing its impermeability. This can be achieved by using a mix with the lowest possible water-cement ratio compatible with sufficient workability for placing and compacting into a homogeneous （均匀的）mass. Durability can be further improved by using air-entrainment. 4　碱骨料反应(Alkali-Aggregate Reaction) Certain aggregates can react chemically with the alkaline content of cement to form alkaline silica gel. When this happens these aggregates expand or swell（肿胀） resulting in cracking and disintegration of concrete. 5　混凝土的碳化(Carbonizition) 总之，混凝土的耐久性决定于材料的品质、内部密实度、施工质量三个方面。 In order to produce a durable concrete care should be taken to select suitable constituent materials. It is also important that the mix contains adequate quantities of materials in proportions suitable for producing a homogeneous and fully compacted concrete mass. 6、提高耐久性的措施： （1）合理选择水泥品种，优质骨料。 （2）控制W/C和水泥用量，提高密实度。 （3）掺外加剂。 （4）加保护层。 （5）提高施工质量 第五节　混凝土的变形性能　　　(Deformation) 1、化学收缩（chemical shrinkage） 2、干缩变形（drying shrinkage ） 3、温度变形temperature 4