Lipid digestionabsorption课件.ppt

Lipid digestion/absorption AnSci 520 Rumen Lipid Metabolism Rumen Biohydrogenation Ruminant animals obtain lipids from three primary sources: Feed (seeds and forages) Diet supplementation (etc. tallow, palm oil, fish oil) De novo synthesis Forages Glycolipids Grains Concentrates Triglycerides Fat Supplements Triglycerides (by products) Free fatty acids (rumen-protected) Triglycerides Galactolipids Fatty Acids Fatty acids vary in chain length and degree of unsaturation: ? Usually contain an even number of carbon atoms, typically between 14 and 24. The 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids are most common. ? May contain one or more double bonds. The double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids are separated by at least one methylene group (execpt when conjugated). ? The configuration of the double bonds in most unsaturated fatty acids is cis. Structures of Lipids Fatty Acids Nomenclature and Structure Saturated – single bonds Cis vs. Trans Bondsof Unsaturated Fatty Acids Rumen Biohydrogenation Traditionally, fat in ruminant diets has been limited to that provided in oil seeds and animal fat supplementation. Dietary fat is supplemented as an energy source since it provides more energy than carbohydrates. Too much fat in diet affects diet digestibility. What Happens During Rumen Biohydrogenation? Dietary lipids hydrolyzed in the rumen to form free fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides- three fatty acids hooked onto glycerol backbone. (Found in animals, plants, and humans) Glycolipids- glycerol with two fatty acids + sugar “hanging off” SN3 position. (Found primarily in forages) Phospholipids- two fatty acids and phosphate group. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are also hydrogenated to saturated fatty acids and glycerol is converted to propionate. Hydrolysis of ester linkages of triglycerides, glycolipids and phospholipids Extensive, 85% Bacterial lipases Glycerol + Free fatty acids Prerequisite for biohydrogenation Rumen Hydrolysis Converts: unsaturat