Lecture 11 Non-finite verbs amp; non-finite clauses课件.ppt

2. –ed participle as complement A drunken man is one who has got drunk.A lighted candle is one that has been lit. (p.161) Everybody thought the battle lost. I heard his name called. I have my hair cut every two weeks. Please keep us informed of the latest developments. I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.(p.161-162) syntactic functions of –ed participle clauses Post-modifier The men, (who were) soaked with sweat from an all-right march, immediately went into action. Most of the people invited to the party didn’t turn up. As an adverbial, -ed participle clauses can denote time, cause, condition, concession as well as accompanying circumstances. Heated, the metal expands.Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again.Left to his own devices, Charles did not relax his efforts. United, we stand; divided, we fall. The soldier, though seriously wounded, persevered in fighting. We will not attack, unless attacked. 4. Dangling participle Attachment rule : When non-finites are used as adverbial clauses, its logical subject is usually identifiable with the subject or other element of the main clause. It is through this relationship that the non-finite construction is attached to the main clause. When the subject of a non-finite is not expressed, it is normally understood to be the subject of the main clause. Looking up the sky, she saw the moon shinning bright. To save the child, he laid his life. Caught in a traffic jam, we lost patience easily. Violation of the attachment rule will result in a dangling participle”. Sitting at the window, a flock of birds flew across the sky. Barking loudly, we chased the dog out of the room. To admit fresh air, the window were all wide open. Though troubled by heavy family cares, the work was done as well as ever. Wanting patience, one won’t succeed. Touching her wealth, I have nothing to say. Frankly speaking, the car is not worth buying. Absolute construction “absolute construction” is essentially a non-