The Relational Model 1课件.pptVIP

The Relational Model 1 Prof. Sin-Min Lee Department of Mathematics and Computer Science History of Relational Model Codd’s Original Paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks” Communications of the ACM, Volume 13, Number 6, June 1970 Lower level (basement) of the new Martin Luther King, Jr. Library Get to roll the shelves apart to access journals. Codd’s Reasons Data independence from database implementation such as machine representation Natural structure of data Can be analyzed mathematically (Codd was a mathematician by training) Alternative: Network Model Charles A. Bachman 1973 ACM Turing Award Lecture “The Programmer as Navigator” Communications of the ACM, Volume 16, Number 11, November 1973, pp. 653-657 Codd suggests that any data model has three components: the data structures; the integrity constraints; the data manipulation operators. Relational Data Structure EMPLOYEE Emp# Name Emp Sex Mgr Emp# E1 Jones Male E65 E6 Smith Male E28 E28 Jones Female - The Domain Seven Characteristics of a relation Example of the Student table. Other terms... Cardinality = Number of rows Degree = Number of columns The Relational Data Model DATA STRUCTURES - domain, attribute, relation, tuple, primary key, degree, cardinality. INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS - entity integrity and referential integrity. DATA MANIPULATION OPERATIONS - defined through relational algebra and equivalent relational calculus. Entity Integrity No component of the Primary Key of a base relation is allowed to accept nulls. Foreign Key A foreign key is an attribute or attribute combination of one relation R2 whose values are required to match those of the primary key of relation R1 where R1 and R2 are not necessarily distinct. Note that a foreign key and the corresponding primary key should be defined on the same domain(s). Referential Integrity If base relation R2 includes a foreign key FK matching the primary key PK