清代国家摔跤组织“善扑营”考略.pdfVIP

第 22 卷第 2 期 体 育 学 刊 Vol.22 No.2 2015 年 3 月 Journal of Physical Education M a r . 2 0 1 5 ·民族传统体育· 清代国家摔跤组织“善扑营”考略 王晓东24 （安庆师范学院体育学院，安徽 安庆 246011 ） 摘 要：清代是中国摔跤的空前繁荣期，善扑营是清代官方成立的专门摔跤组织。善扑营正 式建制于康熙年间，奉行“以近臣领之”的组织法则。扑户由八旗子弟中擅长摔跤者通过技艺角 逐而选定，其定额人员为 300 人。善扑营有相对成熟、稳定的选拔和管理机制，保证了扑户全身 心地参与摔跤研习。扑户在役时，需要担负宫廷安保、宴会演武、人员培训、皇城差役等职责。 在皇权意识下，善扑营成为中国摔跤的传承和创新的重要组织基础，它的存在和运行推动了中国 摔跤在内容和形式上的不断演进，并影响了民间摔跤的传播进程。 关 键 词：民族传统体育；摔跤；善扑营；清代 中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2015)02-0110-05 Textual research on “Shanpuying”, a national wrestling organization in the Qing dynasty WANG Xiao-dong （School of Physical Education，Anqing Normal University ，Anqing 246011 ，China) Abstract: The Qing dynasty was the unprecedentedly flourishing period of Chinese wrestling; Shanpuying was a dedicated wrestling team organization established by the government in the Qing dynasty. Shanpuying was officially established in the Kangxi period, executed the “courtier leadership” organization rule. The wrestlers were selected from Baqi brothers who were good at wrestling via skill competition; their set number was 400 people. Shanpuying had a set of relatively mature and stable selecting and managing mechanisms, which ensured that the wrestlers participated in wrestling studying and practicing in a whole hearted way. When the wrestlers were in service, they needed to undertake such responsibilities as palace security, banquet martial art performance, personnel training, imperial city servant etc. Under imperial power consc