初中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解与训练.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语的讲解 直接引语（Direct Speech）（Indirect Speech）She said ,” I like English very much. “ （直接引语） （她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。） 典型例句：2. She said she liked English very much. （间接引语） （她说她非常喜欢英语。） 一、直接引语与间接引语的转化 A. 陈述句的间接引语 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化，其中人称的变化与汉语的变化是一致的。 例1）John said, “I’ve been late again.” → John said that he had been late again. 例2）She said ,”We are very fond of sports.” → She said that they were very fond of sports. B.疑问句的间接引语 1．一般疑问句 一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didnt know等。句末不用问号。 例1）My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music ?” → My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music. 2. 反意疑问句 反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句，即句型为陈述句，在句子前面加if或whether，往往后面还要加上or not，whether……or not. 例1）She cried, ”You have made a big mistake, haven’t you ?” → She cried whether I had made a big mistake or not. 3．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句 如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether……or not连接。 例1）She said, Dont you know my telephone number → She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 例2）Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. → Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 4．特殊疑问句 间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。 例1）He asked, “How do you like it ?”→ He asked me how I liked it. 例2）She asked me, “Whats the matter with you?” → She asked me what was the matter with me. 例3）”How many books do you have?” she asked. → She asked me how many books I had. C. 祈使句的间接引语 1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。 例1）She said to me, “Please have a rest. “→ She asked me to have a rest. 例2）”Dont all answer at once”, she said to the pupils. → She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 2．带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。