定语从句讲解加习题.docVIP

一．基本概念：作定语的是一个句子就称之为定语从句 The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather 1.从句位置及语序: 先行词之后，陈述语序 2.翻译方法: ……的 先行词和关词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. the boy =who 3.The school where I study is far from my home. 4.句子结构： A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly. 5． 关系词 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：where, when, why 二：关系词的用法： 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 who, whom, that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who做主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下： 　　(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2.Whose 用来指人或物 　　(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替） 　　(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　(2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。 which, that 　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如： 　　(1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语） 　　(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 　　、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 　　(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? 　　(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. 　　(3) All that can be done has been done. 　　(4) There is little (that) I can do for you. 　　、当先行词被序数词修饰 　　The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 　　、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 　　This is the best film that I have seen. 　　、当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时 　　(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,