新概念英语一总结练习七_被动语态.docVIP

新概念英语一总结练习七 被动语态 【复习】 ?一、总述： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice)和被动语态（The Passive Voice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 二、被动语态的形式 1) 常用时态的被动语态的构成： 被动语态的基本形式为助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词，即be done。 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be+ given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 过去完成时： had + been + given 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given 过去将来时： should / would +be+ given 现在完成进行时：have/has been being done 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done ?［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。 Russian?is?not?taught?in?our?school.?我们学校不教俄语。 3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。 Were?many?trees?planted?on?the?hill?yesterday?昨天山上种了许多树吗？???? How?much?money?was?stolen?in?all?一共被偷了多少钱？? 三、被动语态使用范围 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。 ???动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 1. Some stamps were stolen last week. 2. The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949. 3. Football is played in most middle schools. 四、主动语态与被动语态的转换 1．主语+谓语+宾语 练习：将下列各句改为被动语态。 He plants trees in spring. Tom will clean the room tomorrow. They make shoes in that factory. They bought ten computers last term． Amy can take good care of Gina ． We are painting the rooms. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. They will send cars abroad by sea. Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. 主动语态变被动语态口诀： 宾语提前主语变， 原主变宾by后见， 时态人称be关键。 注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer ______ been bought. 2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.） My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. A