病理学课件_-（全套完整英文课件）英文版16.ppt

* Sleeping disorder 睡眠紊乱 Apathy 淡漠 Childishness 幼稚Confusion 错乱 Drowsiness 嗜睡 Coma 昏迷 Flapping tremor 扑翼样震颤 Normal tau AD p-tau Ser Thr p p p p p p p p ADP ATP p p Protein kinases ? ? Protein phosphatases ? Imbalanced phosphorylation system leads to tau hyperphosphorylation Ser Thr Pi a b d c Morris water maze test from Control and model rats Mad cow disease (accumulation of prion) Chronic Cerebral Ischemic Injury Energy exhaustion and acidosis Intracellular calcium overload Free radical injury Excitatory toxicity Inflammatory reaction by cytokine Glutamate Chronic Brain Damage Imbalance of regulating molecules in the brain Protein aggregation in the brain Chronic cerebral ischemic injury Environmental and metabolic toxins Cerebral trauma Brain aging Pathogenesis of Cognition Disorder Principles for Treatment of Cognitive Disorders General neuroprotective treatments Maintenance of normal neurotransmitter level Surgery Consciousness Disorder Consciousness is denoted in brief as the sense of awareness of self and the environment. It consists of two aspects: state of arousal and content of consciousness. Consciousness disorder is defined as parenchymal mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Structural Basis for Consciousness Dysfunction of brain stem reticular formation Dysfunction of thalamus Dysfunction of cerebral cortex Structural Basis for Consciousness Major Manifestations Delirium Confusion Drowsiness Coma Etiology and Pathogenesis Acute brain injury eg. diffuse encephalic infection, diffuse brain trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage,etc. Acute brain intoxication Acute Brain Intoxication Endogenous toxins injury Alteration in neurotransmitter Aberrant energy metabolism Nerve cell membrane injury Exogenous toxins injury Intra