Hummer法制备氧化石墨.pdfVIP

March 20, 195s PREPARATIONOF GRAPHITICOXIDE 1339 [CONTRIBUTION FROM THE BAROIDDIVISION, NATIONALLEADCOMPANY] Preparation of Graphitic Oxide BY WILLIAMS. HUMMERS,JR., AND RICHARDE. OFFEMAN RECEIVEDSEPTEMBER25, 1957 The preparation of graphitic oxide by methods described in the literature is time consuming and hazardous. A rapid, relatively safe method has been developed for preparing graphitic oxide from graphite in what is essentially an anhydrous mixture of sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate and potassium permanganate. Introduction addition was controlled carefully to yevent the temperature of the suspension from exceeding 20 . Graphitic oxide, sometimes called graphitic acid, The ice-bath was then removed and the temperature of has been known for almost a century. It-was the suspension brought to 35 f3O, where it was maintained first prepared by Brodie2 in 1859 by repeated for 30 minutes. As the reaction progressed, the mixture gradually thickened with a diminishing in effervescence. treatment of Ceylon graphite with an oxidation A t the end of 20 minutes, the mixture became pasty with mixture consisting of potassium chlorate and fum- evolution of only a small amount of gas. The paste was ing nitric acid. Since then, many other procedures brownish grey in