抽象代数课本讲义第二章第六节.pdfVIP

04  §6  (1) Z ℄℄  (2) F F [x] 0 ℄℄ R, 1. R ∀a, b ∈ R, c ∈ R a = bc, b a, b|a. b a a b 2. (1) b|a ⇐⇒ (b) ⊇ (a); (2) Æ (3) u R () u |1, (u) = R; (4) R u R a (5) b|a , b|a , b|(r a + r a ), ∀r , r ∈ R; 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3. a|b b|a, a ∼ b. 1 (1) (2) a ∼ b ⇐⇒ (b) = (a); (3) a ∼ b R u a = bu; (4) a ∼ b, c ∼ d =⇒ ac ∼ bd; 4. b|a, a ∤ b, b a u u Æ R a a a 5. 1 a ∈ R, a = 0, a a a a Q[π] = {f (π)|f (x) ∈ Q[x]}, Z[π] = {f (π)|f (x) ∈ Z[x]},  0 1 0      π = 0 0 1 ,  2 0 0  Q[π] Z[π] Z[π]  1 1 1     2 1 1   2 2 1   −1 1 0     0 −1 1   2 0 −1  6. 2 a ∈ R, a = 0, a a|bc =⇒ a|b a|c, a 1 R 2 1 2 R a (a) 7. a, b ∈ R, c ∈ R c|a c|b, c a b a b d c|a, c|b =⇒ c|d. d d a b d ∼ d . (a, b) a b 1 2 1 2 R a, b, c ∈ R, (ac, bc) ∼ (a, b)c. c = 0, (ac, bc) ∼ (a, b)c. (a, b) = 0, 0|a, 0|b, a = b = 0, (ac, bc) ∼ (a, b)c. c = 0 (a, b) = 0, d = (a, b), e = (ac, bc). d|a