四2012年6月英语四级模拟考.docVIP

2012年6月英语四级模拟考 Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: City Problems. You should write at least 120 words .following the outline given below in Chinese:1． 越来越多的人涌人大城市，有些问题随之产生2． 比较明显的问题有……3．我对这种现象的想法City Problems Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Paper--More than Meets the Eye We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word paper. Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from Wood In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional c