国际物理林匹克竞赛试题Theoretical_Exam_Solution_1_English.docVIP

Solution- Theoretical Question 1 A Swing with a Falling Weight Part A (a) Since the length of the string is constant, its rate of change must be zero. Hence we have (A1)* (b) Relative to O, Q moves on a circle of radius R with angular velocity, so (A2)* (c) Refer to Fig. A1. Relative to Q, the displacement of P in a time interval ?t is. It follows (A3)* (d) The velocity of the particle relative to O is the sum of the two relative velocities given in Eqs. (A2) and (A3) so that (A4)* (e) Refer to Fig. A2. The ()-component of the velocity change is given by . Therefore, the-component of the acceleration is given by . Since the speed v of the particle is according to Eq. (A4), we see that the -component of the particle’s acceleration at P is given by (A5)* Note that, from Fig. A2, the radial component of the acceleration may also be obtained as . (f) Refer to Fig. A3. The gravitational potential energy of the particle is given by . It may be expressed in terms of s and ? as (A6)* (g) At the lowest point of its trajectory, the particle’s gravitational potential energy U must assume its minimum value Um. If the particle’s mechanical energy E were equal to Um, its kinetic energy would be zero. The particle would then remain stationary and be in the static equilibrium state shown in Fig. A4. Thus, the potential energy reaches its minimum value when ?? = ?/2 or s = L??R/2. From Fig. A4 or Eq. (A6), the minimum potential energy is then . (A7) Initially, the total mechanical energy E is 0. Since E is conserved, the speed vm of the particle at the lowest point of its trajectory must satisfy . (A8) From Eqs. (A7) and (A8), we obtain . (A9)* Part B (h) From Eq. (A6), the total mechanical energy of the particle may be written as (B1) From Eq. (A4), the speed v is equal to. Ther