应用电化学Chapter1.pptVIP

Chapter 1   Fundamentals of  Electrochemistry 1.1???? Fundamental Concepts 1?? Basic electrochemical devices (Electrochemical reactors) Two kinds of electrochemical devices: Galvanic cell Electrolytic cell The basic components of cells: anode cathode electrolyte Anode: positive charge from electrode into solution (oxidation) Cathode: positive charge from solution to electrode (reduction) Electrode: working electrode (WE) A counter electrode (CE) B reference electrode (RE) C Some common types of electrode processes Electronic conductors  and ionic conductors (1) Electronic conductors (the first conductors) The first conductors(commonly known as electrodes): metal, carbon, semiconductor Energy band theory valence band Ev conduction band Ec forbidden band(energy gap) Eg conductor, semiconductor and insulator (2) Ionic conductors (the second conductors) Electrolyte: A substance present in solution or in a melt which is at least partly in the form of charged species----ions. Properties of electrolytic solution (see pp 51-54 ) a)?? Electric migration and transport number Electric migration: the movement of charged species due to a potential gradient Ionic mobility: the speed of ions under a unit field strength, m2s-1V-1 Transport number ti: the fraction of the current carried by the ion i ti=Qi/∑Qi=Ii/∑Ii supporting electrolyte(foreign electrolyte) b)? Conductance and conductivity Conductance c) Activity and activity coefficient activity a+=γ+m+ or a-=γ-m- where γ+, γ- are the activity coefficients for the positive and negative ions respectively and m+, m- are there molalities. mean ionic activity a±=γ±m± mean activity coefficientγ± (see p54 Tab 1.5 ) 4. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis Far