国外教育心理学课件210.pptVIP

Educational Psychology302 Session 10 Motivation Motivation Definition: Forces which energize, direct, and sustain behavior Situated Motivation: The influence of the ___________ to motivate a person to behave in particular ways. Motivation _________—motivated by external factors Intrinsic—factors inherent in the task being performed Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Deficiency needs prior to growth need Almost always yields better outcomes in terms of learning and understanding Self-Actualization –Flow? Flow: A state of optimal experience characterized by total concentration and absorption in a challenging activity that engenders a sense of control, interest, enjoyment, even exhilaration. Csikszentmihalyi, 1990 Elements of Flow One has clear goals every step of the way One gets immediate feedback for one’s actions Balance between challenge and skills Action and awareness are merged Distractions are excluded from consciousness Elements of Flow (cont.) One is not worried about failure Self-consciousness disappears One’s sense of time is distorted The activity becomes autoelic (an end in itself) Teachers can Promote Flow by: Assigning challenging task that involve novelty and discovery Emphasizing intrinsic rewards Minimize pressures related to competition, grades, rules Self-________—The extent to which a student believes they are capable of successfully completing a task. Self-Determination—The extent to which a student believes they can make choices regarding the direction of their lives and choice of activities. Learning Goals vs. Performance Goals Students: Process information for long-term storage Realize learning is a process trying hard and working through temporary setbacks Most benefit from classroom experience Students: Avoid challenging tasks Shoot for only minimal performance outcomes Encouraging Student Motivation to Learn Present subject matter to in ways that relates to the student’s current and future interests (hot cognition) Show personal ent