涉海英语读写教程(理科卷)教参Unit 4.docVIP

Unit 4 Climate Variability Text A Part I Understanding and Learning Background information 1. Philosophical Transactions: the worlds first science journal. In 1662, the newly formed “Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge” was granted a charter to publish by King Charles II and on 6 March 1665, the first issue of Philosophical Transactions was published under the visionary editorship of Henry Oldenburg, who was also the Secretary of the Society. The first volumes of the worlds first scientific journal were very different from todays journal, but in essence it served the same function，namely to inform the Fellows of the Society and other interested readers of the latest scientific discoveries. As such, Philosophical Transactions established the important principles of scientific priority and peer review, which have become the central foundations of scientific journals ever since. In 1886, the breadth and scope of scientific discovery had increased to such an extent that it became necessary to divide the journal into two, Philosophical Transactions A and B, covering the physical sciences and the life sciences respectively. 2. The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research carries out research in the Arctic and Antarctic as well as in the high and mid latitude oceans. 3. Tambora’s explosion: In 1815，Tambora in Indonesia exploded with the force of roughly 1, 000 megatons of TNT, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. Detailed Study of the Text Reality has a way of trumping art, and human-induced climate change is very real indeed.(Para. 2) Meaning: The situation of climate change caused by human beings in reality is more critical than what is described in science fictions. trump: 1. v. beat 胜过;压过 The Socialists tried to trump this with their slogan.社会党党员设法用他们的口号把它压过去。 The Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank has trumped Lloyds by raising its offer.汇丰银行通过提高报价击败了劳埃德保险公司。 2. n. the suit having the highest value in one particular game