微生物分子育种论文.docVIP

微生物分子育种 青霉菌的PCR扩增及研究方法 姓名： 邵德瑞 学号专业：生物工程 青霉菌的PCR扩增及研究方法 邵德瑞（生物工程2班生命科学学院黑龙江大学哈尔滨150080) Shao Derui (2 classes Bioengineering College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080) Abstract：Terrier belonging to Penicillium spores clump Branch (Monili-aceae), widely distributed in the air, soil and variety of items , often growing on rotting orange peel and other fruit , such as citrus peel was leaving the green . Mold is some filamentous fungi collectively , the term is not taxonomy . Fungal cells generally have a branched or unbranched hyphae constituted with many intertwined hyphae , called mycelium. Different forms in different fungal mycelium , which is an important basis for fungal classification. Penicillium conidiophores with extended diaphragm, there is a broom -like branches , and finally a small terrier called branching , conidia on births , the general was green , the broom -like sticks. Penicillium easy to use on the growth characteristics of citrus peel , orange peel can be separated from the Penicillium , used for the experiment , and achieved good results. The main component is a representative Penicillium expansum , Penicillium expansum cell wall chitin , which is a long linear polymer of N-acetylglucosamine in β glucan units connected to the key , both within the chain and inter-chain with extensive hydrogen bonding , which gives a great tensile strength chitin . This structure makes difficult to destroy the cell walls of Penicillium expansum , Penicillium expand it to extract DNA is very difficult. Keywords: Extended Penicillium; DNA extraction; PCR; cloning and sequencing 1.检测方法 植物病原菌对植物的生长和繁殖会造成很大的危害，快速准确地检测出这些病原菌，对有效控制疾病传播、检验和检疫等方面的工作有重要的意义，也是这些工作的基础。 过去，真菌的分类鉴定一般采用的是分离再培养、形态学方法，主要是根据观察其形态结构特征、判断生理生化特性、抗原构造、检测生物学特性等来区分，该种方法简单易行，在对病原物的检测、鉴定方面发挥了很大的作用，有些时候这些方法仍然是最廉价，最有效，最适合的，例如，最近在Stowell 和Gelernter的一篇综述上所描述的。[1]真菌的种类繁多、形态特征复杂、个体多态性显著，有些病原真菌的外部形态非常相似，检测结果的判断具有较大的主观性，部分生理生化指标和形态特征可能会随着周围环境的变化而呈现不稳定性，常常会出现假