吉林省一季水稻优质栽培技术.docVIP

吉林省一季水稻优质栽培技术 吉林省属寒冷一季稻作区，水稻是吉林省第2大农作物，栽培面积占全省粮食作物作物总面积约18.0%，稻谷产量约占粮食总产20.0%以上，稻米是人民生活的主食，具有很高的营养价值；吉林省大米优质，国内外享有盛名。水稻是高产作物，栽培技术要求比较严格，近年来一些地区在水稻技术上往往忽视主要技术环节，甚至粗放栽培，导致不能获得理想的产量，单产低下，总产不稳。本文历经3a在不同生态区域试验研究，摸索出高产优质栽培技术关键和要点，供水稻生产参考。 YiJiDao area in jilin province belongs to cold, the rice is jilin province second big crops, cultivation area of accounting for food crops in the province with a total area of about 18.0%, rice production accounts for about more than 20.0% of the total, rice is the staple food of the peoples life, has the very high nutritional value; Jilin province rice quality, enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. Rice is high yield crops, cultivation technical requirement is more strict, some areas in recent years tend to ignore the main technical links on rice technology, extensive cultivation, even cannot get the ideal output, low yield, output instability. In this paper, through experimental research on 3 a in different ecological area, for key and key points of cultivation techniques of high yield and good quality, reference for rice production. 1 技术关键 The key techniques in the 1 　选用适于当地自然条件种植的优良品种：1 ）选用品种应具有高产稳产，多抗、优质、适应性广的特性，且株型理想、紧凑，光合作用率高，源库协调，分蘖力强，偏大穗，结实率好，适于本地土壤、水质和小气候，熟期偏早，易育壮秧，适于稀植的水稻优良品种。2）采用水稻旱育壮秧，多功能调理剂配制营养土，隔离层，简塑盘，种子催芽稀播种，配合药剂浸种消毒，防治立枯病，培育壮秧。3）稀植浅插，平稳促进，稳健生长，靠壮秆促大穗，高度结实，活秆成熟，籽粒饱满，秋优型生育态势夺高产。4）盐碱地种稻，尤其要抓住关键栽培环节，盐碱地旱育苗，选地势较高，土壤肥沃，不黏的园田地，沙壤土做苗床地最佳。床土调酸pH 4.5～5.0；土壤消毒，在稻苗1叶1心期必须消毒，要严格掌握用药标准；置床土和营养土要浇透水，此系出苗好坏的关键所在。播种后盖膜保温保湿，开始炼苗时，必须通风同时浇水，壮秧是获得高产稳产的基础。本田施肥以促为主，结合中控的施肥技术，有机肥与化肥结合，底肥与追肥结合，底、蘖、穗肥相结合，施锌肥防治赤枯病。盐碱地种稻主要使用生理酸性和中性肥；科学灌溉，浅湿相结合，乳熟后期要间断灌溉，改善根际生育环境，提高根系活力，防止植株功能叶片早衰，延长冠层光合作用率，利于青杆黄熟，促进水稻生育后期早熟，籽粒饱满，抓住以上栽培技术关键环节，实在是获得高产的有效措施。 Selection of fine varieties suitable for local natural conditions: 1) choose variety should have high and stable yield, (, high quality, wide adaptability, and the ideal plant type, compact, photosynthetic rate is high, the coordinated source-sink, strong tillering ability, slants big, seed setting r