英汉翻译中的主谓一致Subject-verb Concord英文ppt.pptVIP

汉英翻译中的主谓一致问题Subject-verb Concord 汉语句子中谓语成分复杂，而英语句子的谓语比较单一，只能由动词或动词短语承担。汉译英时，有时可选择与原文相对应的谓语，但多数情况下我们不能照搬原文主语和谓语，需作调整或另觅新语。谓语的确定与主语的选择密切相关。 谓语的选择和确定，需兼顾表意和构句的二重需要，即考虑英语语法规范，搭配习惯和逻辑关系等问题。 表意的需要 指选择谓语时，除考虑该词语本身能否准确传达 原文意义外，还要关照其与主语的语义关联，亦即逻辑的关联，以及主谓词语的搭配。此外，谓语动词和宾语的搭配，联系动词和表语的搭配，以及这两种搭配产生的修辞效果，也都影响和制约谓语的选择。 1.考虑谓语表意的需要时，首先要看它能否准确传达愿意，表意是否贴切。 1) 中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。 a. The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.（克制自己不去干预） b. The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.（从不干预也不想干预） 2) 中国的经济将融入世界经济的大潮。 a. The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.（消没在……之中） b. The economy of China will converge with that of the world economy.（与……融合在一起） 3) 这事到了现在，还是时时记起。 a. Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.（时时记起，更加贴切） b. Even now, I still often think about it. 2.考虑谓语表意的需要时，还要关照其与主语的语义关联，以及主谓词语的搭配。 1) 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 a. The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. 2)她使我知道人间的温暖，她使我知道爱与被爱的幸福。 a. It was to her that I owed my awareness of the fact that there is warmth in the world—that to show love is no less happiness than to be loved. b. She enabled me to know the warmth of the world and the fact that we will feel no less happy to love others than to be loved. 3) 在同新闻界谈话的时候，上海人使用越来越多的最高级形容词。 a. When they talk to press, the Shanghai citizens use more and more adjectives of the superlative degree. b. You can hear Shanghai people using more and more adjectives of the superlative degree when they talk to the press. 4) （现在上海人的传统形象开始起了变化，）他们的言语和行动都充满了信心和自豪。 a. Their words and actions are filled with confidence and pride. b. They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions 3.考虑谓语的表意需要时，也需考虑其与宾语的搭配，包括连系动词与表语的搭配，以及该搭配的修辞效果。 1）（颐和园）1900年遭八国联军破坏（，至1903年才得以修复） a. The palace was reduced to ruins by the allied forces of the eight foreign powers. b. Th