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冠心病CBL课前学习材料2.pdf
7. Lifestyle and pharmacological management
7.1 Risk factors and ischaemia management
7.1.1 General management of stable coronary artery disease patients
The aim of the management of SCAD is to reduce symptoms and
improve prognosis. The management of CAD patients encompasses
lifestyle modification, control of CAD risk factors, evidence-based
pharmacological therapy and patient education. Lifestyle
recommendations are described in recent ESC guidelines.
7.1.2 Lifestyle modifications and control of risk factors
7.1.2.1 Smoking
Smoking is a strong and independent risk factor for CVD and all smoking,
including environmental smoking exposure, must be avoided in all
patients with CVD. The benefits of smoking cessation have been
extensively reported, and quitting smoking is potentially the most
effective of all preventive measures, being associated with a reduction in
mortality of 36% after MI. Clinicians treating patients with CAD can take
advantage of the unique situation and emphasize that the risk of future
CAD events can be dramatically reduced by smoking cessation. Thus,
smoking status should be assessed systematically (including passive
smoking) and all smokers should be advised to quit and offered cessation
assistance. Quitting smoking is complex because smoking is both
pharmacologically and psychologically highly addictive. Advice,
encouragement and pharmacological aid consistently improve success
rates. Nicotine replacement therapy is safe in patients with CAD and
should routinely be offered. Bupropion and varenicline have been found
safe to use in patients with stable CAD in some studies, alt
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