Developing Vocabulary Skills词汇技能.pptVIP

Assessment ofEnglish for Business Studies 8 teaching weeks Assessment Attendance 20% Assignments 20% Final Examination 60% Developing Vocabulary Skills 词汇技能 Developing Vocabulary Skills 上下文线索 (Context Clues to Word Meaning) 利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索 同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会对文中的生僻词或专业 性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时，作者常使用一些信号词， 如：is/are(called)，means，can be defined as，refer to，is/are known as，signify等，例： A person?or?thing beyond comparison, a model of excellence, is known as a paragon. Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true. 或标点符号，如——，( )等，例： David was ecstatic – that is, he was widely happy – when he received his diploma. 有时，作者用同位语形式或连词or给出定义，例： Jane commiserated, or felt sorry, to a friend who had lost her pet. 近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作 用，我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关 的信息来猜度词义。例： Mr. and Mrs. Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before they got married. Although he often had the opportunity，Mr. Tritt never stole money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 反义对照在表示对照的上下文中，常包含有意义相反的词语或概 念，这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索，帮助我们猜度词义。常 有以下一些信号词： although，but，however，though，whereas， while，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand 等。 例：Chimpanzees in the wild use simple objects as tools，but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items. Most dentists-offices are drab places，while Emilio’s new office is a bright and cheerful place. 比较举例上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较物或列举物之间的共性，我们可根据这些共性来推知有关词语的意思。例： Tom must be very affluent. He wears expensive clothes and jewelry, drives a Rolls-Royce, and owns a ￡1,750,000 house in Cornwall. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 因果时间因与果、时间的先与后都是事物发展变化过程中的必然关系，在利用上下文推测词义时，这些关系也至关重要。例： Robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 常识包括我们的生活经历、经验常识以及自己专业方面的知识，在阅读到