-基本地震知识.ppt

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earths crust (地壳) that creates seismic waves(地震波). This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves (辐射波), frictional heating of the fault surface（断层滑动面）, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake. Compression Force: force pushing something togetherMakes a reverse fault Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through the Earth. They are the waves of energy suddenly created by the breaking up of rock within the earth or an explosion .They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs(地震仪). History Seismology（地震学） - the Study of earthquakes and Seismic Waves 1) Dates back almost 2000 years History Around 132 AD, Chinese scientist Chang Heng invented the first seismoscope(地震仪), an instrument that could register（记录） the occurrence of an earthquake. They are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zigzag trace（曲线） that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, location and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations. Seismometers and Seismographs Seismometers （地震仪） are instruments for detecting ground motions Seismographs （地震仪） are instruments for recording seismic waves from earthquakes. Seismometers are based on the principal of an “inertial mass(惯性质量)” Seismographs amplify, record, and display the seismic waves（地震波） Recordings are called seismograms（震动图）  Types of Seismic Waves Most of the damage and the shaking people feel during an earthquake is from the seismic waves. Earthquake vibrations or seismic waves are of two kinds: body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel through Earth Surface waves travel along or just below the s