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c英语ppt第一章
Chapter 1:
Introduction to
Computers and
Programming
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
1.1
Why Program?
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why Program?
Computer – programmable machine designed
to follow instructions
Program – instructions in computer memory to
make it do something
Programmer – person who writes instructions
(programs) to make computer perform a task
SO, without programmers, no programs;
without programs, a computer cannot do
anything
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
1.2
Computer Systems: Hardware
and Software
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Main Hardware Component
Categories:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Main Memory
3. Secondary Memory / Storage
4. Input Devices
5. Output Devices
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Main Hardware Component
Categories
Figure 1-2
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Comprised of:
Control Unit
Retrieves and decodes program instructions
Coordinates activities of all other parts of computer
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Hardware optimized for high-speed numeric
calculation
Hardware designed for true/false, yes/no decisions
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
CPU Organization
Figure 1-3
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Main Memory
• It is volatile. Main memory is erased when
program terminates or computer is turned off
• Also called Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Organized as follows:
– bit: smallest pi
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